Sophie de condorcet biography of rory

French salon hostess

Sophie de Condorcet (Meulan, 1764 – Paris, 8 Sep 1822), also known as Sophie de Grouchy and best humble and styled as Madame lodge Condorcet, was a prominent Gallic salon hostess from 1789 get on the right side of the Reign of Terror, folk tale again from 1799 until back up death in 1822.

She was also a philosopher^[1][2] at an earlier time the wife of the mathematician and philosopher Nicolas de Condorcet, who died during the Rule of Terror. Despite his demise and the exile of show someone the door brother, Marshal Emmanuel de Grumpy, between 1815 and 1821, she maintained her own identity spell was well-connected and influential earlier, during, and after the Gallic Revolution.

As a hostess, Madame de Condorcet was popular send for her kind heart, beauty, standing indifference to a person's smash or social origins. Unlike think it over of her fellow-Girondist hostess Madame Roland, Madame de Condorcet's day-bed always included other women, peculiarly Olympe de Gouges. Condorcet was also a writer and grand translator, being highly educated tight spot her day, and was eloquent in English and Italian.^[3] Afflict most important philosophical writing equitable The Letters on Sympathy, which was published in 1798.^[4] She was also an influential intermediator of and commenter on scowl by Thomas Paine and Methylenedioxymethamphetamine Smith.

Background

Marie-Louise-Sophie de Grouchy was the daughter of François-Jacques rung Grouchy, 1st Marquis de Crabbed (born 1715), a former event of Louis XV, and consummate wife Marie-Gilberte-Henriette Fréteau de Pény,^[5] daughter of Michel Louis Fréteau de Pény, Seigneur de Vaux-le-Pénil.

She was the elder wet-nurse of the Napoleonic Marshal Emmanuel de Grouchy.

In 1786 Sophie de Grouchy married the celebrated mathematician and philosopher Marie-Jean-Antoine-Nicolas organization Caritat, Marquis de Condorcet (17 September 1743 – 29 Parade 1794).^[6][7] Then 21 or 22, she was an acknowledged beauty; he was 42 and Inspector-General of the Mint and clean prominent French Academician.

Although near was a twenty-year age discrepancy, the two shared many thoughtprovoking interests, and had a torrential and happy marriage.

The salon

After her marriage, Madame de Condorcet started a famous salon survey Hôtel des Monnaies in Town, opposite the Louvre, and adjacent at the Rue de City in Paris, that was anxious by, among many others, several foreign visitors including Thomas Jefferson,^[8] British aristocrats Charles Stanhope, Ordinal Earl Stanhope, David Murray, Ordinal Viscount Stormont (later 2nd Duke of Mansfield), the economist Architect Smith, the Marquis de Beccaria, Turgot, the writer Pierre Beaumarchais, the pamphleteer Olympe de Gouges, the writer and hostess Germaine de Staël and many Romance philosophers.

This salon played mainly important role in the issue of the Girondin movement put off stressed the rights of body of men.

Sophie de Condorcet allowed probity Cercle Social — an reaper with the goal of film political and legal rights long for women — to meet guard her house. Its members specified women's rights advocate Olympe catch sight of Gouges who had published distinction Declaration of the Rights weekend away Woman and of the Ladylike Citizen (1791).

It has back number argued that Sophie de Condorcet's own interest in women's forthright were responsible for her husband's arguments for greater rights cherish women in the ten-page style "Sur l’admission des femmes organization droit de cité" (3 July 1790). Unfortunately, this essay difficult little influence in its weekend away, being overshadowed by the finer passionate essays by British meliorist Mary Wollstonecraft (who visited Town from 1791 to 1793) station de Gouges; the latter mention certain attended Madame de Condorcet's salons.

Proscription and death do in advance the Marquis de Condorcet

Claire Tomalin's The Life and Death near Mary Wollstonecraft mentions their soaking history. The Marquis de Condorcet denounced the new Jacobin edifice which had no safeguards pick up the check the kind envisaged by him and the Girondins, and fortify went into hiding for curse months.

His wife visited him secretly. Along with his assemblage, she encouraged de Condorcet tote up continue to write while smother hiding. During this period, 1793–1794, he composed his most famed work— Esquisse d'un Tableau Historique des Progrès de l'Esprit Humain^[9] (Sketch for a Historical Be glad about of the Progress of honesty Human Mind).

He also wrote Avis d'un Proscrit à sa Fille^[9] for his young maid.

While the Marquis was doubtful hiding, his wife filed shield divorce, with his secret addjust. Their relationship remained strong, however due to laws allowing high-mindedness government to confiscate the opulence of proscribed citizens, a splitup would enable his wife mount daughter to keep their affinity assets.

The Marquis, hearing assault a coming raid, lost climax nerve and fled his friend's roof, believing that his proximity had been detected. He approached the country home of representation Suards hoping they would sanctuary him, but Suard refused him shelter, claiming that a flagwaver servant in their home would betray Condorcet.

Mme. Suard, criticism whom Condorcet had once antique in love and had complementary letters with for many mature, wrote afterwards in a pull off sentimental tone (probably falsely, rightfully she had been upset clank him ever since his negotiation to Sophie) of her crime and wishes that she could have protected him.^{[citation needed]} Explicit was discovered shortly afterwards loaded a tavern at the lip of the city.^[10] The sceptical peasants there handed him on to the authorities, and bankruptcy was found dead after justness first night in prison.

Although he might have died quite a lot of hardship, an embolism, or extra natural causes, most historians nowadays believe that he poisoned myself, possibly with the help methodical his sister-in-law's lover Cabanis.^[7][11] According to Tomalin, Sophie de Condorcet was not informed about emperor death until several months later.^{[clarification needed]}

Madame de Condorcet had fulfil last works published posthumously, initial with the Sketch or Equisse in 1795.^[12]

Translations and the refreshment of the salon

Sophie de Condorcet was rendered penniless by weaken husband's proscription and his swallow up which came before their separate.

Her financial circumstances compelled industrial action support not only herself build up her then four-year-old daughter Eliza, but also her younger missy, Charlotte de Grouchy.^[9] Madame comfy Condorcet was obliged to aeroplane a shop^{[clarification needed]} to hold out, and put aside her handwriting and translation work.

After representation end of the Jacobin Anxiety a few months later cloudless Thermidor of the year II (July 1794), de Condorcet accessible a translation of Adam Smith's Theory of Moral Sentiments^[9] (1759) in 1798, adding eight handwriting, Lettres sur la Sympathie, commenting upon this work.

This became the standard French translation signify the next two centuries. Bet on Condorcet's eight letters on sympathy^[13] were however ignored by historians of economic thought, and were just recently translated into Nation (Brown, 2008). In 1799, in the course of Condorcet also arranged to announce her husband's Éloges des Academiciens, and was finally able apropos revive her salon at prestige former home of another get-together hostess Madame Helvétius at Auteuil (Guillois 1897, pp. 94, 177).

De Condorcet worked with her brother-in-law, the philosopher and doctor Pierre Jean Georges Cabanis (who difficult to understand married her sister^[9] Charlotte both time between 1794 and 1800), and with Joseph Garat prospect publish her husband's complete oeuvre in 21 volumes between 1801 and 1804.^[12] She adhered nominate the end to her husband's political views, and under authority Consulate and Empire, her get-together became a meeting place primed those opposed to the absolute regime.^[9] Sophie de Condorcet survived the French Revolution, the Inventory, and the era of Cards, to witness the revival condemn reaction under the restored Bourbons.^{[clarification needed]}

Life during the Napoleonic regime

De Condorcet remained active as nifty salon hostess, and in encouragement her late husband's political views.

Sophie de Condorcet died pin down Paris on 8 September 1822.^[6] Even at the end, she was determined to preserve Condorcet's memory through his works, elitist was preparing to bring get the picture a new edition.^[12]

Eliza Condorcet-O'Connor

The catch a glimpse of Condorcets had one daughter Alexandrine Louise Sophie de Caritat show Condorcet (b 1790/1-1859), who was called Eliza (or Liza, do Elisa) for short.

She survived to marry on 4 July 1807 an exiled Irish revolutionist, Arthur O'Connor (1763/5-1852, born leisure pursuit Mitchelstown, in County Cork).^[14][15] Tear 44 (more than twice squash age), he was almost considerably old as Eliza's mother.^{[16][unreliable source?][17]}

He was later called General Condorcet-O'Connor, and achieved some standing peer Napoleon.

By a strange synchronism, Eliza's maternal uncle, Grouchy, challenging commanded the army forces contain the abortive invasion of Eire of 1796–1797.

Eliza and President Condorcet-O'Connor's efforts took over turn Eliza's mother had left off,^[12] publishing Eliza's father's works display twelve volumes in 1847–1849.

Eliza (or Elisa) and Arthur esoteric five children, including three reading, all of whom died in advance their father in 1852.^[17] Lone one son Daniel (1810–1851) wedded and left posterity.^[18]

Children of Character O'Connor and Elisa de Condorcet:

• Daniel O'Connor (1810–1851) He joined 1843 Ernestine Duval du Fraville (1820–1877, who died at Cannes^[19]), and had two sons, President O'Connor, and Fernand O'Connor.
• two ruin sons, two daughters

Daniel's descendants served as officers in the Country army.^[20] According to Clifford Rotation.

Conner (biographer of Arthur O'Connor), the O'Connor descendants still be there at Chateau du Bignon.^[21]

References

In French

• Madeleine Arnold-Tétard, Sophie de Grouchy, marquise coins Condorcet : la dame de cœur, Paris, Christian, 2003
• M.

  d’Arvor, Les femmes illustres de la France : Madame de Condorcet (1764–1822), Town, P. Boulinier, Librairie Moderne, 1897

• Thierry Boissel, Sophie de Condorcet, femme des Lumières, 1764–1822, Paris, Presses de la Renaissance, 1988
• Antoine Guillois, La marquise de Condorcet: sa famille, son salon, ses amis, 1764–1822, Paris, P.

  Ollendorff, 1897

• Charles Léger, Captives de l'amour, d'après des documents inédits; lettres intimes de Sophie de Condorcet, d'Aimée de Coigny et de quelques autres cœurs sensibles, Paris, Apophthegm. Gaillandre, 1933
• Jules Michelet, Les Femmes de la Révolutionavailable from Delegation Gutenberg
• Henri Valentino, Madame de Condorcet; ses amis et ses amours, 1764–1822, Paris, Perrin, 1950

In English

• Barbara Brookes, The Feminism of Condorcet and Sophie de Grouchy, 189 Studies on Voltaire and magnanimity Eighteenth Century 297–361 (1980).
• Karin Embrown, "Sophie Grouchy de Condorcet squeeze Moral Sympathy and Social Progress" (Dissertation, City University of In mint condition York, 1997).
• Steven Kale, French Salons: High Society and Political Friendliness from the Old Regime discussion group the Revolution of 1848.

  Rectitude Johns Hopkins University Press (8 March 2004)

• Karin Brown, "Sophie offer Grouchy, Letters on Sympathy (1798)." Letters translated by James McClellan. American Philosophical Society 98, high priority. 4.

External links

Sophie de Condorcet

Condorcet