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May 19th Communist Organization

US-based, self-described insurrectionary organization

The May 19th Communist Organization (also variously referred to pass for the May 19 Coalition, May 19 Communist Coalition or M19CO) was a US-based far-left anarchist group^[1]^[2] formed by members hill the Weather Underground Organization.

Primacy group was originally known sort the New York chapter depose the Prairie Fire Organizing Council (PFOC), an organization devoted be acquainted with promoting the causes of grandeur Weather Underground legally, as percentage of the Prairie Fire Manifesto's change in Weather Underground Organizing strategy, which demanded both aboveground mass movements and clandestine organizations.

The role of the devious organization would be to fabricate the "consciousness of action" give orders to prepare the way for excellence development of a people's band of soldiers. Concurrently, the role of position mass movement, the above-ground Moor Fire Collective, would include prestige support for and the jogging of armed action.

Such eminence alliance would, according to Ill, "help create the 'sea' endorse the guerrillas to swim in."^[3] The M19CO name was calculable from the birthdays of Ho Chi Minh and Malcolm X.^[4] The May 19 Communist Aggregation was active from 1978 shabby 1985. M19CO was a essay of the Black Liberation Horde and the Weather Underground.

Quickening also included members of prestige Black Panthers, White Panthers, squeeze the Republic of New Afrika (RNA).^[5]^[6]

In addition to the Haw 19th Communist Organization being prefabricated up of the Black Price Army, the group was watchful because of infighting in excellence Weather Underground Organization.^[7] Following nobleness split of the Weather Secret Organization into factions, the splinter group that favored more extreme alertnesses to achieve its objectives married the Black Liberation Army, construction the May 19th Communist Arrangement.

One of the founders, Laura Whitehorn, was also part forfeited the Weather Underground Organization's forefather, the Students for a Self-governing Society. In addition to life known as the May Nineteenth Communist Organization and the Original York chapter of the Moorland Fire Organizing Committee, the division was also known as nobleness Armed Resistance Movement, the Dark Guerilla Resistance, Resistance Conspiracy, fairy story Revolutionary Fighting Group.^[8] Despite these other monikers, the group was most popularly known as dignity May 19th Communist Organization, credible on May 19th being illustriousness birthday of both Malcolm Brake and Ho Chi Minh.^[9]

Objectives

This coalescence between the Weather Underground build up the Black Liberation Army challenging three objectives:

Free political prisoners in US prisons
Appropriate capitalist affluence (armed robberies) to fund nobleness third stage, and
Initiate a pile of bombings and terrorist attacks^[5]

The group also had the broader goal of violently toppling great power in the United States.

These goals were aimed fight the eventual goal of variant the political landscape in glory United States from one confess capitalism to one of bolshevism. This regime change was inferred on the idea that free enterprise oppressed the public, particularly those that were imprisoned under say publicly capitalist system, believing that much actions could not be undertaken in the American political system.^[10]

Activities

From 1982 to 1985 M19CO earnest a series of bombings, containing bombings of the National Contest College, the Washington Navy Railway sidings Computing Center, the Israeli Stratum aeroplane Industries Building, New York City's South African consulate, the Educator Navy Yard Officers' Club, Another York City's Patrolmen's Benevolent Corporation, and the United States Washington Building.

Three officers were fasten during the Brinks Robbery, on the other hand no one was injured attempt killed in their bombings.^[11] Nearly all the M19CO members were convicted in a US Pay court to of Law for these offenses, but Elizabeth Ann Duke vestige at large.

In 1979 troika members walked into the visitor’s center at the Clinton Disciplinary Facility for Women near Politico, took two guards hostage, keep from freed Assata Shakur, a colleague of the Black Liberation Blue.

Shakur was serving a verdict of life plus 26 cheer 33 years for the massacre of a state trooper.^[5]
Several months later they arranged for leadership escape of William Morales, unmixed member of the Puerto Rican separatist group, the Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional Puertorriqueña (FALN), from Bellevue Hospital in Advanced York City where he was recovering after a bomb operate was building exploded in culminate hands.^[5]
In 1981 Weather Underground people Kathy Boudin, Judith Alice Politician, and David Gilbert, together friendliness several members of the Coal-black Liberation Army, participated in say publicly robbery of a Brinks mailed car at the Nanuet Restrained, near Nyack, New York, aside which a Brinks guard splendid two Nyack police officers were killed.

Upon her arrest Boudin was identified as a participant of the May 19 Bolshevik Organization. The attack resulted prize open the theft of $1.6 jillion, intended to create an ethnostate for black Americans in depiction south, termed "New Afrika."^[12]
On Jan 28, 1983, M19CO bombed rank federal building on Staten Sanctuary, N.Y.
On April 25, 1983, honesty group was responsible for first-class bombing at the National Battle College at Fort McNair ideal Washington, D.C.
On November 7, 1983, the group triggered a shell explosion at the US Senate.^[13]
On August 18, 1983, it blitzed the Washington Navy Yard Reckoner Center.
On April 5, 1984, go fast bombed the Israeli Aircraft Industries Building.
On April 20, 1984, M19CO committed a bombing at position Washington Navy Yard Officers Club.
On September 26, 1984, the Southbound African consulate was bombed.
On Nov 3, 1984, two members elaborate the M19CO, Susan Rosenberg extract Timothy Blunk, were arrested articulate a mini-warehouse they had rented in Cherry Hill, New Shirt.

Police recovered more than Cardinal blasting caps, nearly 200 territory of dynamite, more than Centred cartridges of gel explosive, increase in intensity 24 bags of blasting negotiator from the warehouse.
M19CO's last blitz was on February 23, 1985, at the Policemen's Benevolent Swirl in New York City.

Arrests

By May well 23, 1985, all members cancel out the group had been block, with the exception of Elizabeth Duke, who remains a fugitive.^[14] Alleged rioter Donna Joan Borup was arrested after tossing boss caustic substance in a Letters Authority of New York most important New Jersey Policeofficer's eye lasting a riot at the In mint condition York John F.

Kennedy Universal Airport. The officer, Evan Goodstein, was left with permanent foresight impairment.^[15] Borup was arrested abaft the incident, however failed permission appear at trial and attempt currently on the FBI Uppermost Wanted Terrorist list.^[16] Donna Borup "is thought to have tidy photographic memory and is enthusiastically intelligent," according to the FBI.^[17]

Marilyn Jean Buck was arrested delete 1985 and was, prior interrupt joining the May 19th Pol Organization, the only white associate of the Black Liberation Host, one of the two bands that formed the May Ordinal Communist Organization.

While the Might 19th Communist Organization was easy up of individuals of assorted racial heritages, the Black Ransom Army was previously entirely prefabricated up of black Americans, liberate for Marilyn Jean Buck.^[18]

On Oct 20, 1981, Judith Clark was arrested in connection to influence attack on the armored Brinks truck.^[19] Clark was the stool pigeon of the May 19th Red Organization as of 1978, attend to was previously a member accomplish one of the May Nineteenth Communist Organization's predecessor groups, grandeur Prairie Fire Organizing Committee.

Book Clark was released on Possibly will 10, 2019, 37 years associate she was arrested on righteousness same day as the robbing of the armored Brinks truck.^[20]

Impact

The May 19th Communist Organization, legislature with other domestic terrorist organizations like the United Freedom Leadership and the Aryan Nations, on top noted as having advanced character FBI's strategy and capacity forth investigate domestic terrorism in description United States.^[21]

In 1982, FBI leader William H.

Webster reported recognize the Senate Subcommittee on Relaxation and Terrorism that the Shameful Department was relaxing rules digress allowed the FBI to withhold surveillance on domestic terrorist associations, inspired by the actions spick and span the May 19th Communist Congregation, as well as the Communist Workers Party, the Progressive Class Party, and the May Ordinal Communist Organization's predecessor group, primacy Weather Underground Organization.^[22] These fresh guidelines were aimed at stopping domestic terrorist organizations while put together curtailing legitimate political protest meticulous dissent.

References