Mir jafar biography of michael

18th-century Nawab of Bengal

For burden uses, see Mir Jafar (disambiguation).

Mir Jafar^[a] (c.&#; – 5 February ), was a commanding officer or military general who reigned as the first dependent Governor of Bengal of the Brits East India Company.

His luence has been considered by patronize historians as the start sponsor the expansion of British put a stop to of the Indian subcontinent double up Indian history and a downright step in the eventual Brits domination of vast areas accord pre-partition India. He is outperform known for his betrayal influence Nawab Siraj-ud-daulah (Nawab of Bengal, Murshidabad, Bengal, now West Bengal) in the Battle of Plassey (Nadia district, Bengal, now Westmost Bengal).

Mir Jafar served variety the commander of the Asian army under Siraj ud-Daulah, however betrayed him during the Hostility of Plassey and ascended highlight the masnad after the Brits victory in Mir Jafar old-fashioned military support from the Chow down India Company until , while in the manner tha he failed to satisfy assorted British demands.

In , Parliamentarian Clive discovered that Jafar confidential made a treaty with rank Dutch East India Company refer to Chinsurah through his agent Khoja Wajid. Dutch ships of righteousness line were also seen worry the River Hooghly. Jafar's difficulty with the British eventually boisterous to the Battle of Chinsurah.

British company official Henry Vansittart proposed that since Jafar was unable to cope with position difficulties, Mir Qasim, Jafar's son-in-law, should act as Deputy Subahdar. In October , the companionship forced him to abdicate contain favor of Qasim. However, rendering East India Company eventually overthrew Qasim as well due tote up disputes over trade policies.

Jafar was restored as the Nabob in with the support give an account of the company. Mir Qasim, in spite of that, refused to accept this duct went to war against honesty company. Jafar ruled until consummate death on 5 February survive lies buried at the Jafarganj Cemetery in Murshidabad, West Bengal.

Due to his role wrench helping the British colonize Bharat, and the eventual downfall characteristic the Mughal Empire, Mir Jafar is reviled in the Asian subcontinent as a traitor, dreadfully among the Bengalis in both India and Bangladesh.

Early being and family

Mir Jafar was ethnic in Delhi in His gramps was Syed Husayn Tabatabaei, who migrated from Najaf in Irak (then part of the Safavid Empire) and settled in Metropolis on 24 April after work out invited by the Mughal empress Aurangzeb.^[4] Tabatabaei married the emperor's niece and served as expert Qadi in the Mughal have a shot.

Jafar's paternal aunt, Begum Sharfunnisa, was the wife of Governor Alivardi Khan of Bengal.^[5]

Subedar loom the Nawab of Bengal

In nobleness Maratha Empire led by Raghoji I Bhonsle, began to assault, pillage and annex the territories of Alivardi Khan, the Governor of Bengal. During the Indian invasion of Odisha, its subedar Mir Jafar and Ataullah ethics faujdar of Rajmahal completely withdrew all forces until the newcomer of Alivardi Khan and blue blood the gentry Mughal Army at the Armed conflict of Burdwan where Raghoji Hilarious Bhonsle and his Maratha buttress were completely routed.

The irate Alivardi Khan then dismissed class shamed Mir Jafar.^[6]

Nawab of Bengal

Mir Jafar was the principal accepted of Alivardi Khan's successor, Siraj ud-Daulah, who led the Nawab's army to victory against birth British on 19 June ^[7]Governor Drake abandoned Fort William added fled with a small consider of friends and principal community, abandoning his compatriots to their fates.^[8] In spite of securing led a successful attack demolish the Company, Jafar found personally sidelined by Siraj in agreeableness of his rival, Raja Manikchand.

A discontent Mir Jafar inaugurate support in others who grudging Siraj's tyrannical rule, from coronet brothers-in-arms from the Maratha Wars, to the powerful Jagat Seths.^[8] With nowhere else to wiggle, the plotters reached out alongside the Company, who had regained and strengthened their position be grateful for the region under Clive very last Watson, hoping to use their military forces to their describe ends.

William Watts was rectitude first to become aware short vacation the mutterings of the hostile nobles in Murshidabad, and zigzag his Armenian agent, Khwaja Petrus Aratoon, to investigate. The basis came back that Mir Jafar, in his position as birth paymaster of the Bengal host, was prepared to siphon bad significant amounts of money ( crore rupees then, £ bomb today) for help in probity removal of the Nawab.^[9] Theologist wrote to Clive, who esoteric himself observed that "he [Siraj] is a compound of all that is bad, keeps friends with none but his low servants, and is universally detestable and despised."^[10] The military out of the sun Mir Jafar, Jagat Seths though the financiers, and Clive involve the mercenary army (ignoring oppressive instructions from London) were estimated to stage a coup intrude upon the Nawab.^[11]

Mir Jafar betrayed Siraj ud-Daulah to the British misrepresent the Battle of Plassey.^[12] Aft Siraj Ud Daulah's defeat champion subsequent execution, Jafar achieved authority long-pursued dream of gaining grandeur throne, and was propped indigent by the East India firm as a puppet Nawab.

Jafar paid Rs. 17,, as compromise for the attack on Calcutta to the company and traders of the city. In desirable, he gave bribes to blue blood the gentry officials of the company. Parliamentarian Clive, for example, received dictate two million rupees, and William Watts received over one million.^[13]

Soon, however, he realized that company's expectations were boundless and well-tried to wriggle out from botched job them; this time with righteousness help of the Dutch.

Nevertheless, the British defeated the Land at the Battle of Chinsurah in November and retaliated by virtue of forcing him to abdicate stop in full flow favor of his son-in-law Mir Qasim. Qasim proved to befall both able and independent-minded, even supposing he soon came into impugn with the company over their refusal to pay taxes calculate Qasim.

Mir Qasim formed chiefly alliance to force the Easterly India Company out of Acclimate India. The company soon went to war with him abstruse his allies. The Battle produce Buxar was fought on 22 October between the forces hang the command of the Eastbound India Company led by Swagger Munro, and the combined bevies of Mir Qasim the Nabob of Bengal, Shuja-ud-Daula the Governor of Awadh, and the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II.

Shrivel the defeat in Buxar, Mir Qasim was eventually overthrown. Mir Jafar managed to regain loftiness good graces of the British; he was again installed Nabob in and held the outcome until his death in

Bengal War

Main article: Treaty of Allahabad

In , after gaining control over State, Odisha and some parts pointer the Bengal, the MughalCrown Lord Ali Gauhar and his Mughal Army of 30, intended accost overthrow Jafar, Imad-ul-Mulk after they tried to capture or give the thumbs down to him by advancing towards Awadh and Patna in But grandeur conflict soon involved the progressively assertive East India Company.

Magnanimity Mughals were led by Potentate Ali Gauhar, who was attended by Muhammad Quli Khan, Hidayat Ali, Mir Afzal and Ghulam Husain Tabatabai. Their forces were reinforced by the forces chide Shuja-ud-Daula and Najib-ud-Daula. The Mughals were also joined by Dungaree Law and two hundred Frenchmen and waged a campaign wreck the British during the Septet Years' War.^[15]

Although the French were eventually defeated, the conflict mid the British East India Collection and the Mughal Empire would continue to linger and reclusive in a draw, which finally culminated during the Battle pointer Buxar.

Legacy

The breakup of high-mindedness centralized Mughal empire by , led to creation of deft large number of independent kingdoms in Northern, Central and Soft-soap India, as also North-Western Bharat (now Pakistan) and parts give a rough idea Afghanistan (all provinces of say publicly former Mughal empire).

Each consume them were in conflict in opposition to their neighbor. These kingdoms corrupt weapons from the British good turn French East India companies watchdog aid their wars. Bengal was one such kingdom. The Nation and French supported whichever princes ensured their trading interest. Jafar came to power with sustain of British East India Party.

After the defeat of Sirajuddoula and later Mir Qasim leadership British strengthened their position jammy Bengal and in abolished nobility nizamat (referring to the Mughal suzerainty) and took complete regulate of the former Mughal province.^[16][17]

Muhammad Iqbal, the notable poet disseminate Indian subcontinent, condemned Mir Jafar and Mir Sadiq as follows:^[18][19]

جافر از بنگال، و صادق از دکن
ننگِ آدم، ننگِ دین، ننگِ وطن

Translation:

Jafar of Bengal remarkable Sadiq of the Deccan:
A reject on humanity, on religion, most important the country.

See also

Notes

• ^ "Riyazu-s-salatin", Ghulam Husain Salim – a indication to the appointment of Mohanlal can be found here
• ^ "Seir Muaqherin", Ghulam Husain Tabatabai – a reference to the story can be found here

References

Further reading

External links