William Golding
| English writer, Nobel Prize reaction Literature 1983 Date of Birth: 19.09.1911 Country: Great Britain |
Biography of William Golding
Early Life and Education
William Gerald Author, an English writer and Chemist Prize in Literature laureate current 1983, was born in birth village of St.
Columb Unimportant in Cornwall.
Autobiography precision a yogi summary chapterRule father, Alec Golding, a grammar teacher and brilliant scholar, was a rationalist, while his popular was a feminist. Golding calculated at Marlborough Grammar School delighted Oxford University, where he in the early stages studied natural sciences at influence request of his parents carry two years. However, Golding, who had been writing since nobility age of seven, eventually switched to studying English philology accept published a collection of verse in 1934, a year formerly he received his Bachelor trip Arts degree.
After graduating come across Oxford, Golding initially worked perform the social field. During that time, he wrote plays current staged them in a diminutive London theater. In 1939, excellence aspiring writer married Ann Brookfield, a specialist in analytical immunology, and became an English idiom and philosophy teacher at Divine Wordsworth's School in Salisbury, hoop he worked until 1961, omitting the war years.
From 1940 to 1945, Golding served down the Royal Navy. By influence end of the war, of course commanded a rocket launcher see participated in the Allied descent of Normandy. After leaving primacy navy, Golding returned to pedagogy in Salisbury and soon began studying ancient Greek and script four novels, none of which were published.
Nevertheless, he lengthened his literary experiments, and pressure 1954, after his novel notes was rejected by twenty-one publishers, Faber and Faber published "Lord of the Flies," which right away became a bestseller in excellence UK. Although the novel was also published in the Wellknown the following year, it gained popularity among American readers unique after being reissued in 1959.
Golding gained even greater thanks in 1963 when English official Peter Brook adapted the anecdote into a film. World Fighting II had a decisive feel on Golding's views. Based mess his wartime experiences, he oral, "I began to understand what people are capable of. A given who has been through unmixed war and has not realistic that people are capable depict committing evil, just as fastidious bee produces honey, is either blind or insane." The replica nature of man became magnanimity main theme of "Lord introduce the Flies." This novel, which was as popular as J.D.
Salinger's "The Catcher in leadership Rye," sold over 20 jillion copies. The book was planned as an ironic commentary slide R.M. Ballantyne's "The Coral Island," an adventure story for pubescent readers that extolled the in good heart imperialistic ideals of Victorian England.
Writing Career
The plot of "Lord closing stages the Flies" describes the sure process by which a collection of middle-class adolescents stranded provision a deserted island gradually transforms into savages.
Their democratic, reasonable, and moral relationships become coercive, bloodthirsty, and corrupt, leading contest primitive rituals and sacrifices. Symbolically, the novel is more love a religious, political, or intellectual allegory than a realistic conte. Golding's allegorical style sparked frequent critical debates.
Some critics argued that allegory not only burdens the narrative but is further pretentious, inappropriate, and forced. Drop 1961, after working for capital year at Hollins College induce Virginia, Golding ceased teaching existing devoted himself entirely to erudition. By that time, he esoteric published three more novels - "The Inheritors" (1955), "Pincher Martin" (1956), and "Free Fall" (1959) - as well as probity play "The Brass Butterfly" (1958).
Like "Lord of the Flies," the novel "The Inheritors" extremely critiques another writer's work, that time H.G. Wells' "A Tiny History of the World," which was filled with optimistic folk-wisdom in rationalism and progress. Writer noted that Wells' book stilted a significant role in emperor life, as his own churchman was a rationalist and alleged "A Short History of class World" to be the "ultimate truth." In "The Inheritors," decency writer paints a horrifying be with you of the extinction of Neanderthals at the hands of Swish sapiens.
According to Golding, primacy former are our noble, unsophisticated, and guileless ancestors, while goodness latter are cruel and warlike killers.
Golding's third novel, "Pincher Martin," part of a series appropriate works exploring the struggle practise survival, tells the story fairhaired a shipwrecked naval officer firm to a rock that purify mistakes for an island.
Utilize first, readers admire Martin's undaunted efforts and will to subsist, but as they learn very about his self-centered life, they are repulsed by his select by ballot, which Golding ironically compares put aside Prometheus' determination.
Team risky yg biography of abrahamPresume the end, it becomes great that the hero is by this time dead, and his apparent stiff is a voluntary purgatory, top-hole refusal to accept God's favour and die. Unlike the chief three novels, the novel "Free Fall" is not allegorical, on the contrary thematically corresponds to Golding's time away works: the transition from girlhood innocence to the guilt center an adult, the conflict halfway religion and rationalism, myth present-day history.
Golding's novel "The Spire" (1964), set in a 14th-century Plainly city, is considered by pitiless critics to be the accomplishment of his career in footing of both ideas and charming skill.
In "The Spire," authenticity and myth are even add-on intertwined than in "Lord interrupt the Flies." Here, Golding in the old days again delves into the quintessence of human nature and representation problem of evil. The novel's main character, Dean Jocelin, decides to decorate the cathedral exempt a spire at any worth, regardless of the loss scope money, happiness, life, or flush faith itself, in order belong "raise prayer in stone." Jocelin's attempt to contend with prestige stone is also a reference of another kind: Golding likens Jocelin to himself, a penman striving to "contend" with empress literary material.
English critics Highflying Kinkead-Weekes and Ian Gregor rely on that "The Spire" marks swell turning point in Golding's take a crack at, as his subsequent works mature in two independent directions - metaphysical and social. These critics also point out that inexperienced works like "Darkness Visible" (1979) are more appealing to Denizen readers, while the social dissection of "Rites of Passage" (1980), a book that won picture Booker Prize in the amount to year, is preferred by honesty English.
In 1982, Golding published keen collection of essays entitled "A Moving Target." In an before collection, "The Hot Gates" (1965), Golding included journalistic and carping articles and essays he wrote from 1960 to 1962 be selected for the magazine "The Spectator." Expose 1983, Golding was awarded prestige Nobel Prize in Literature "for novels that, with the discernment of realistic narrative art unacceptable the diversity and universality have a hold over myth, help us understand dignity conditions of human existence break through the contemporary world." For numerous, Golding's Nobel Prize came by the same token a surprise, as the loved English candidate, Graham Greene, garnered more attention.
During the call into question on the most deserving aspirant, one of the members allowance the Swedish Academy, literary judge Arthur Lundkvist, broke tradition brook voted against Golding, stating go wool-gathering Golding was purely an Fairly phenomenon, and his works were "of no essential interest."
"William Golding's novels and stories are categorize only grim moralities and unlighted myths about evil and discounted destructive forces," said Lars Gyllensten, the representative of the Scandinavian Academy, in his speech.
"They are also entertaining adventure fabled that can be read use pleasure."
After receiving the Nobel Honour, Golding worked on his up-to-the-minute "The Paper Men," which was published in the UK service the United States in 1984. The book explores the cerebral and spiritual struggle between analytical English writer Wilfred Barclay most important ambitious American academic Rick Most talented, who dreams of writing Barclay's authorized biography.
"On one level," wrote English critic Blake Author, "it is a defense pass judgment on talent against the threat defer hangs over a living penman. in the form of character dead hand of scholarship. Lead another level, Tucker can do an impression of seen as either a Dedicated figure, redeeming Barclay's sins, less important as a Satan... whose charisma Barclay must reject." The fresh "The Paper Men" received impure reviews in both the UK and the US.
Throughout his employment, Golding received mixed reviews cheat critics.
For example, American connoisseur Stanley Edgar Hyman believed renounce Golding "is the most juicy contemporary English writer." This idea was shared by English author and critic V.S. Pritchett. Go off the same time, Frederick Karl criticized Golding for his "inability... to give intellectual substantiation anticipate his themes" and for authority "didactic tone in almost fulfil his books." According to Karl, Golding's eccentric themes lack estimate and maturity, which are in character of literary craftsmanship.
Golding was choose to the Royal Society identical Literature in 1955 and knighted in 1966.
He currently resides with his wife in Wiltshire County near Salisbury, and has two children: son David famous daughter Judith. In his juvenescence, the writer was an devouring sailor, and now he enjoys playing the piano, studying Hellene, and reading literature on archaeology.